On this day :
1846 Smithsonian Institution created, 1776 London learns of American independence, 1978 Fatal Ford Pinto crash in Indiana, 1861 Rebels defeat Union force at the Battle of Wilsons Creek, 1949 Truman signs National Security Bill, 1981 Child found decapitated, 1993 Threeship collision causes oil spill, 1793 Louvre Museum opens, 1821 New state west of the Mississippi, 1977 Son of Sam arrested, 2003 Temperatures in UK top 100 F for first time during European heat wave, 1984 Red Dawn first PG13 movie is released, 1912 Virginia and Leonard Woolf marry, 1937 Firstever electric guitar patent awarded to the Electro String Corporation, 1877 Amanda McFarland begins Alaskan mission, 1874 Herbert Hoover is born, 1981 Pete Rose sets National League hits record, 1955 Diem refuses to negotiate with Communists, 1966 Marines fight bitter battle in Quang Tin Province, 1972 North Vietnamese forces attempt to cut off Saigon, 1914 German ships Goeben and Breslau reach Constantinople, 1945 Japan accepts Potsdam terms agrees to unconditional surrender,